
The ongoing repairs to my fence have given me another opportunity for observing nature. The strange object above is a British Soldier Lichen. These were growing in several places on my fence. This is an extreme close up - they are at most only a few millimeters high.
Lichen are a symbiotic living arrangement between a fungus and an algae. The algae provides food for the fungus through photosynthesis, and the fungus provides minerals from the environment and shelter for the algae.
The lichen takes its scientific name from the name of the fungus. In this case, a Cladonia cristatella fungus is co-habitating with a Trebouxia erici algae. What is amazing is that the fungus by itself is a white blob, and the algae by itself is a green blob. Only when they are living together do they form the stalk (thallus) with the bright red fruiting structure (apothecia) on top.
This one appears to have a few white dots on the fruiting structures. I noticed this on some photos of other British Soldiers on the internet. Nobody mentioned what these are, but I have to guess they are spores getting ready to be released. The spores are only from the fungus - the "offspring" will not form lichen unless it comes across the proper algae.
This next one, I believe, is a Beard Lichen (Usnea sp.). This lichen is well known for its antibiotic properties. Before the invention of "modern" antibiotics (derived from Penicillium fungus), Usnea lichen was placed on wounds to keep them from getting infected. If you are a Lost fan and were wondering what that "stuff" was being draped on Jacob's mother's wounds, it was probably Usnea lichen.
Unfortunately I can't be completely sure that this lichen is Usnea sp. Some other lichens look similar. If you are stranded on a desert island with an open wound and you need to know for sure, apparently the trick is to break the stalk (thallus). If there is an elastic, white cord running down the center, it is Usnea. (This bit of medical advice is from Wikipedia. You might want to consult a trained ethnobotanist before becoming stranded on a desert island.)
Finally, this somewhat boring lichen is a Common Greenshield (Flavoparmelia caperata). Hey, not every lichen can be interesting or beautiful. The wrinkly part in the middle releases "soredia", which are bits of fungus wrapped around bits of algae. These will grow new lichen when they are released, as opposed to the "spores" released by the British Soldiers which grow only fungus.
One thing I can tell you about removing lichen - if you are allergic to fungus (aka mold) you should wear a dust mask. My nose is still running and I am still sneezing.
See this link for my last adventure fixing the fence.
I never realised lichen was a symbiote. Thanks!
ReplyDeleteI just had a bad allergic reaction when I touched some bearded Lichen growing on the side of a Maple tree. My finger started itching about five minutes later and got swollen and slightly painful of the top side of my finger where I rembered touching the lichen with it. At first I didn't know what caused it as it wasn't an immediate reaction, but then I remembered that that touched the fuzzy looking lichen, thinking it looked soft :) My lips even got a little puffy and numb from the reaction. I had no idea I would be allergic to something like that. Be careful out there!! :) Jenny in Florida.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteYou can actually always be beguiled. You may have rolex replica sale even if you purchased a true one particular. Nothing is you're able to do in case you have a organic cope while you get which has a false enjoy. To try to lessen it is likely that plummeting prey with an deceitful retailer, I'd personally tell you to make certain you have all the details as it can be with regards to the hublot replica uk you wish to obtain. Inquire about no matter whether you will get your enjoy resized to adjust to anyone in the event that the idea doesn’t in shape effectively. After you obtain the rolex replica sale it can be extremely hard to come back the idea. Don’t choose this high-priced oversight. Acquiring a real enjoy via merchants interacting throughout closeouts is usually a very good deal since quite often the retail price are going to be a lot less when compared with in some other position. You have access to one particular as being a surprise with the critical man or woman for you to to whom you've got often planned to supply the replica chanel. Legitimate Elgin designer watches that you just come across throughout on-line low cost merchants are generally caused by liquidations. Those people designer watches might have been throughout excellent doing work get ahead of house for sale off of. In case you don’t head donning an extra side enjoy then you can definitely try out your current good luck throughout rolex replica uk closeout merchants. For those ready shell out most that's needed is owning a new Elgin, you'll find a great number of low cost along with stores which you could find one particular.
chenlina20160412
ReplyDeletejordan 11 concord
basketball shoes
fake watches
air jordans
hollister clothing
juicy couture
ray ban outlet
coach factory outlet
cheap jordans
pandora outlet
fitflops sale clearance
kobe 10
ray ban sunglasses
louis vuitton outlet stores
louis vuitton outlet
kobe 9
supra shoes
true religion outlet
louis vuitton handbags
toms outlet
michael kors outlet online
jordan 3 white cenment
ray ban outlet
coach outlet
michael kors outlet online
ray ban sunglasses
cheap oakley sunglasses
tods outlet online
coach factorty outlet online
louis vuitton outlet
gucci outlet
cheap ugg boots
kobe 9
christian louboutin sale
coach factorty outlet
cheap nfl jerseys
canada goose
oakley vault
kobe 11
jordan 13
as
mont blanc pens
ReplyDeletemlb jerseys wholesale
cheap jordans
chi flat iron
mizuno running shoes
hollister sale
ralph lauren
polo ralph lauren
toms shoes
lululemon outlet
ray ban outlet
burberry outlet
oakley sunglasses,oakley sunglass,cheap oakley sunglasses,oakley sunglasses cheap,oakley sunglasses outlet,oakley store,oakley outlet,oakley outlet store,oakley sunglasses sale,oakley sunglasses discount
louboutin outlet
canada goose jackets
coach factory outlet
canada goose jackets
michael kors outlet
kate spade outlet
michael kors handbags
salvatore ferragamo
ralph lauren outlet
michael kors handbags
ghd hair straighteners
kate spade outlet
cheap ray-ban sunglasses
cheap ray ban outlet
christian louboutin shoes
michael kors handbags
skechers shoes
valentino outlet
asics shoes
converse shoes
michael kors outlet clearance
louboutin pas cher
basketball shoes
adidas stan smith
2016422yuanyuan
nike air max 90
ReplyDeletelouis vuitton handbags
kate spade
adidas originals
hollister clothing
adidas stan smith
louis vuitton outlet stores
gucci outlet online
michael kors outlet
coach outlet online
nike roshe flyknit
toms shoes
louis vuitton bags
rolex watches outlet
louis vuitton outlet
louis vuitton outlet
louis vuitton outlet
jordans for sale
michael kors outlet
burberry outlet online
hollister clothing
michael kors outlet clearance
toms shoes
jordan retro
true religion jeans
supra sneakers
michael kors outlet online
michael kors outlet online
ralph lauren outlet
christian louboutin
fake watches
nike basketball shoes
basketball shoes
gucci handbags
timberland outlet
rolex submariner
coach outlet store online clearances
kate spade handbags
coach factory outlet
nike air force 1
20167.22chenjinyan
ralph lauren outlet
ReplyDeletejordan 4 toro
pandora jewelry
true religion jeans
louis vuitton
rolex watches
true religion outlet
michael kors handbags
louis vuitton outlet
rolex submariner
kobe bryant shoes
oakley outlet
kobe 10 shoes
jordan concords
uggs sale
pandora jewelry
louis vuitton purses
cheap nfl jerseys
lebron james shoes
ugg boots
nike air max pas cher
louis vuitton bags
toms sale
oakley outlet
hermes bag
christian louboutin chaussures
gucci belts
coach factory outlet
ugg sale
chenyingying2016824
ArgentiumR is Watches Replica a silver germanium alloy material patent, adding 1.2% Ge in sterling silver, handbag replica the silver hardness high, and have the characteristics of anti rust. UK Replica watches At the same time will emit a unique silver sheen, as Bell & Ross re interpretation of retro table best choice models. Replica Rolex Watches In addition, PW1 Repetition Minutes Argentium is also a complex performance watch, hand chain internal Designer handbags equipped with ETA.
ReplyDeletecoach outlet
ReplyDeletecoach outlet
polo outlet
coach outlet
nmd adidas
uggs
cheap ugg boots
kate spade
coach factory outlet
birkenstock sandals
20161210caiyan
It's well appreciated. Calgary Fence Builder builds fences which are lucrative but strong, durable, finely made and it will be exactly the same as you want for yours.
ReplyDeletenike shoes
ReplyDeleteparada handbags
nike outlet
philadelphia phillies jerseys
true religion outlet
vans outlet store
adidas trainers
christian louboutin shoes
celine outlet
cheap nfl jerseys
20170314huazhen
Jual Kelinci
ReplyDeleteKelinci
adidas nmd runner
ReplyDeletemont blanc pens
ed hardy store
christian louboutin
air max 90
polo ralph lauren outlet
rangers jerseys
christian louboutin sale
michael kors outlet online
adidas sneakers
20170602yuanyuan
The organization is situated in Salmon Falls Mills, yet they do have an exceptionally fruitful site too. You can visit their site at fence installation
ReplyDeleteInteresting and nice information, thanks for sharing :)
ReplyDeleteObat Penurun Berat Badan Alami
Pengobatan Keloid Secara Efektif
Pengobatan Luka Gangren Sampai Sembuh
Cara Ampuh Atasi Bopeng
Cara Menyembuhkan Pembengkakan Prostat
Cara Ampuh Atasi Fatty Liver
عزل الاسطح وعزل الخزانات يحتاج الي عمالة وايد عاملة محترفة ودربة
ReplyDeleteشركة الصفرات تغنيك عن الشركات الوهمية العديد علي المواقع والمديا
شركة الصفرات لعزل الاسطح
عزيزي العميل افضل شركة عزل اسطح وخزانات بالرياض
شركة الصفرات تقوم بخدمات العزل بمواد عازلة ممتازة
شركة الصفرات لعزل الخزانات
coach outlet online
ReplyDeletecanada goose outlet
michael kors outlet online
fitflops sale clearance
coach outlet online
balenciaga sneakers
fitflops sale
jeep shoes
yeezy boost
football shirts
20180811 junda
ReplyDeletepolo outlet
fitflops outlet
canada goose jackets
burberry outlet
mulberry handbags
air huarache
mishka clothing
nike shoes
polo shirts
ugg outlet
ray ban occhiali
ReplyDeletelebron 12
jordan clothing
bape hoodie
wedding dresses
michael kors handbags
gioielli swarovski
pandora rings
zapatos jordan
pandora charms
20188.11huangliyue
Soon overcome all the problems your illness complaint before everything gets worse
ReplyDeleteCara Herbal Mengobati Laringitis
Cara Alami Mengobati Alergi Menahun
Pengobatan Hernia Untuk Semua Usia
Pengobatan Yang Ampuh Batuk Kering
Pengobatan Batuk Berdahak Herbal
Pengobatan Kudis Secara Merata
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I'll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info Chilliwack Chain Link Fencing
ReplyDeletecheap nfl jerseys
ReplyDeletecheap jerseys
cheap jerseys from china
wholesale jerseys
cheap nfl jerseys from china
china jerseys
nfl jerseys china
wholesale nfl jerseys
cheap authentic nfl jerseys
cheap jerseys online
cheap authentic jerseys
cheap sports jerseys
cheap wholesale jerseys
china wholesale jerseys
discount nfl jerseys
cheap authentic jerseys from china
discount jerseys
custom cowboys jersey
nfl jerseys cheap
cheap nfl jerseys china
authentic nfl jerseys
cheap jerseys from china
ReplyDeletewholesale jerseys
cheap nfl jerseys from china
china jerseys
cheap authentic nfl jerseys
cheap jerseys online
cheap authentic jerseys
cheap sports jerseys
cheap wholesale jerseys
cheap authentic jerseys from china
discount jerseys
custom cowboys jersey
nfl jerseys cheap
cheap nfl jerseys china
vintage football shirts
jersey vip
new football shirts
old football shirts
cheap football shirts
football shirt
jersey vip
new football shirts
football shirt culture
vintage football shirts
football shirt
jersey vip
camisetas de futbol
ReplyDeletecamisetas de futbol baratas
camisetas futbol baratas
camiseta real madrid barata
equipaciones de futbol baratas
comprar camisetas de futbol
camisetas de futbol baratas 2017
comprar camisetas de futbol
tiendas de futbol
camisetas de futbol
camisetas futbol baratas
camisetas futbol
camiseta real madrid barata
bounty camisetas futbol
camisetas de futbol 2018
maillot foot pas cher
ReplyDeletemaillot pas cher
maillot psg pas cher
maillot equipe de france pas cher
maillot de foot pas cher 2018
ensemble de foot pas cher
maillot de foot pas cher
ensemble de foot pas cher
maillot de foot pas cher
maillot foot pas cher
maillot pas cher
maillot psg pas cher
maillot equipe de france pas cher
maillot de foot pas cher 2018
maillot equipe de france pas cher
maillot de foot pas cher 2018
ensemble de foot pas cher
maillot de foot pas cher
maillot foot pas cher
maillot pas cher
maillot psg pas cher
cheap jerseys from china
ReplyDeletewholesale jerseys
cheap nfl jerseys from china
china jerseys
cheap authentic nfl jerseys
cheap jerseys online
cheap authentic jerseys
cheap sports jerseys
cheap wholesale jerseys
cheap authentic jerseys from china
discount jerseys
custom cowboys jersey
nfl jerseys cheap
cheap nfl jerseys china
vintage football shirts
jersey vip
new football shirts
old football shirts
cheap football shirts
football shirt
jersey vip
new football shirts
football shirt culture
vintage football shirts
football shirt
jersey vip
Michael Kors Outlet Online
ReplyDeleteMK Outlet
Michael Kors Handbags Wholesale
Michael Kors Bags On Sale
Michael Kors Factory Outlet Online
Coach Synonym
Toms Black Friday Deals
Tom's Western Store
Coach Outlet Clearance
ReplyDeleteنقل عفش من الدمام الى الرياض نقل عفش من الدمام الى الرياض
ارخص نقل عفش بمكة ارخص نقل عفش بمكة
نقل عفش من جدة الى الاردن نقل عفش من جدة الى الاردن
نقل عفش
kobe sneakers
ReplyDeletebalenciaga
yeezy
off white nike
golden goose outlet
adidas stan smith
yeezy shoes
converse shoes
lebron 15 shoes
goyard
The latest trend in Coach Outlet Online is to purchase them secondhand.
ReplyDeleteToday, buying Michael Kors Bags Outlet is looked upon as a smart choice.
Because Michael Kors Purse Outlet are crafted of the finest material, they are known to last for many years, making them the perfect purchase.
Some women are fanatical about changing their Coach Outlet Store Online or their style every few months, making it necessary to periodically clean out their wardrobe.
Other women buy a MK Outlet for one specific occasion and some women just make a habit of buying a lot of purses.
The trends are changing today; more and more people are buying classic shoes, including designer Cheap Real Yeezys.
If your dream has always been to own a Cheap Yeezys, it is possible just by finding a store and click here.
Coach Bags Clearance are pursued by many famous characters.
Coach Bags Outlet in different styles and different colors are in different leathers.
Next time, I will share some knowledge about how to maintain the bags in different material.
CasinoMecca
ReplyDelete